يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لاَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ
...
O you who believe!
Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet,
This contains another kind of favorable behavior. Allah the Exalted is teaching the believers that they should not raise their voices above the voice of the Prophet.
It was stated that this Ayah was revealed about Abu Bakr and Umar.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Ibn Abi Mulaykah said,
"The two righteous ones, Abu Bakr and Umar, almost earned destruction when they raised their voices before the Prophet who was receiving the delegation of Bani Tamim. One of them recommended Al-Aqra bin Habis the member of the Banu Mujashi` while the other recommended another man. Nafi` (a sub narrator) said: "I don't remember his name." Abu Bakr said to Umar,
`You only wanted to contradict me,' while Umar said, `I did not intend to contradict you.' Their voices then became loud, thereupon Allah the Exalted sent down this Ayah,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لاَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ
وَلاَ تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ
أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لاَ تَشْعُرُونَ
O you who believe!
Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not."
Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr said,
"After that, Umar's voice was so low that the Messenger of Allah had to ask him to repeat what he said so that he could understand what he was saying to him."
Abdullah bin Az-Zubayr did not mention the same regarding his father, Abu Bakr, may Allah be pleased with him.
Muslim did not collect this Hadith.
In another narration collected by Al-Bukhari,
he said that a delegation from the tribe of Banu Tamim came to the Prophet and that Abu Bakr recommended Al-Qa`qa bin Ma`bad to be appointed as their leader, while Umar recommended Al-Aqra bin Habis.
Muslim did not collect this narration.
Al-Bukhari recorded that Anas bin Malik said,
"The Prophet missed Thabit bin Qays and a man said, `O Allah's Messenger! I will find out about his news.'
That man went to Thabit and found him sitting at home with his head lowered and asked him, `What is the matter?'
Thabit said, `An evil matter!'
And he said that he used to raise his voice above the voice of the Prophet. He feared that his good deeds would be useless and he would be among the people of the Fire.
The man went back to the Prophet and conveyed Thabit's statement and returned to Thabit with a wonderfully good news. The Prophet said,
اذْهَبْ إِلَيْهِ فَقُلْ لَهُ إِنَّكَ لَسْتَ مِنْ أَهْلِ النَّارِ وَلَكِنَّكَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة
Go back to him and tell him this news; you are not among the people of the Fire. Rather, you are among the dwellers of Paradise."
Al-Bukhari collected this Hadith with this wording.
Imam Ahmad recorded that Anas bin Malik said,
"When this Ayah was revealed,
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ امَنُوا لاَا تَرْفَعُوا أَصْوَاتَكُمْ فَوْقَ صَوْتِ النَّبِيِّ
وَلاَ تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ
أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لاَ تَشْعُرُونَ
Raise not your voices above the voice of the Prophet, nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another, lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not."
Thabit bin Qays bin Ash-Shammas, whose voice was loud, said,
`I was the one who raised his voice above the voice of Allah's Messenger. I am among the dwellers of the Fire. My good deeds have been done in vain.'
He remained in his house feeling distressed, and the Messenger of Allah noticed his absence. So some men went to Thabit and said to him,
`The Prophet noticed your absence. What is the matter with you?'
Thabit said, `I used to raise my voice above the voice of the Prophet and speak loudly in front of him. My deeds have been rendered useless and I am among the people of the Fire.'
They went to the Prophet and told him what Thabit said and the Prophet said,
لاَا بَلْ هُوَ مِنْ أَهْلِ الْجَنَّة
Nay, he is among the dwellers of Paradise."
Anas commented,
"We used to see Thabit walk among us knowing that he was (to be) among the dwellers of Paradise. During the battle of Yamamah, our forces suffered retreat. Suddenly, Thabit bin Qays bin Shammas came, having put on his Hanut and shrouds, and said, `The worst habit is the one you acquire from your enemy and do not set a bad example for your companions.' And he went on fighting until he was martyred, may Allah be pleased with him."
Allah then prohibited speaking to the Prophet in a loud voice, just as one speaks loudly to another in a way that offends him. Instead, they were required to speak to him in terms of respect, honor and calmness. This is why Allah the Exalted and Most Honored said,
...
وَلاَ تَجْهَرُوا لَهُ بِالْقَوْلِ كَجَهْرِ بَعْضِكُمْ لِبَعْضٍ
...
nor speak aloud to him in talk as you speak aloud to one another,
just as He said in another Ayah,
لااَّ تَجْعَلُواْ دُعَأءَ الرَّسُولِ بَيْنَكُمْ كَدُعَأءِ بَعْضِكُمْ بَعْضاً
Make not the calling of the Messenger among you as your calling one of another. (24:63)
Allah's statement,
...
أَن تَحْبَطَ أَعْمَالُكُمْ وَأَنتُمْ لاَ تَشْعُرُونَ
lest your deeds should be thwarted while you perceive not.
means, `We ordered you to refrain from raising your voices to the Prophet, so that he will not get angry with you, because in doing so, you will also anger Allah.'
The good deeds of he who caused the Prophet's anger will become useless without him even knowing.
In the Sahih, there is a Hadith that states,
إِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ رِضْوَانِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لاَ يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالاً يُكْتَبُ لَهُ بِهَا الْجَنَّةُ
وَإِنَّ الرَّجُلَ لَيَتَكَلَّمُ بِالْكَلِمَةِ مِنْ سَخَطِ اللهِ تَعَالَى لاَإ يُلْقِي لَهَا بَالاًإ يَهْوِي بِهَا فِي النَّارِ أَبْعَدَ مَا بَيْنَ السَّمَاءِ وَالاْإَرْض
Verily, a man might utter a word that pleases Allah the Exalted, even though he does not recognize the significance of his word, and on its account Paradise is written for him.
Verily, a man might utter a word carelessly that angers Allah the Exalted, and on its account, he is cast in the Fire farther than the distance between the heavens and earth.
Allah then ordains lowering one's voice before the Messenger and encourages, directs and recommends this better behavior.
